ABNORMAL SYNERGIES AND ASSOCIATED REACTIONS POST-HEMIPARETIC STROKE REFLECT MUSCLE ACTIVATION PATTERNS OF BRAINSTEM MOTOR PATHWAYS

Abnormal synergies and associated reactions post-hemiparetic stroke reflect muscle activation patterns of brainstem motor pathways

Individuals with moderate-to-severe post-stroke hemiparesis cannot control proximal and distal joints of the arm independently because they are constrained to stereotypical movement patterns called flexion and extension synergies.Accumulating evidence indicates that these synergies emerge because of upregulation of diffusely projecting brainstem mo

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Pathogen and drought stress affect cell wall and phytohormone signaling to shape host responses in a sorghum COMT bmr12 mutant

Abstract Background As effects of global climate change intensify, the interaction of biotic and abiotic stresses increasingly threatens current agricultural practices.The secondary cell wall is a vanguard of resistance to these stresses.Fusarium thapsinum (Fusarium stalk rot) and Macrophomina phaseolina (charcoal rot) cause internal damage to the

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